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Pattern Logic Primer

Modality

Every logical term is built upon a concept.  A concept is a monadic occasion, that can have one of four patterns.  

The interpretations of these four patterns correspond to the alethic modalities of possible, impossible, necessary and contingent.

Concepts are Monadic Occasions

The Four Monadic Occasions

In Pattern Logic, we understand any concept to be atomic - it stands alone.  Therefore it is a monadic occasion, which means that it has no channel inputs other than its value and itself.  

Given that we are permitting self-input for monadic occasions, there are four patterns available to represent logical concepts. In ADEPT LION terminology these are the trickles SEH--, SEH**, SEH*- and SEH-*.

ADEPT LION Interpretations of the Monadic Occasions

Possible (SEH*-)

Contingent (SEH-*)

Contingent (SEH-*)

e : t ≈ ?e

"entity e means translation t approximates any of itself"

Contingent (SEH-*)

Contingent (SEH-*)

Contingent (SEH-*)

e : t ≈ ¬e 

"entity e means translation t approximates the complement of itself"

Impossible (SEH--)

Contingent (SEH-*)

Impossible (SEH--)

e : t ≈ ∅  

"entity e means translation t approximates no occasion"

Necessary(SEH**)

Contingent (SEH-*)

Impossible (SEH--)

e : t ≈ e  

"entity e means translation t approximates itself"

What are the Modalities?

Possibility

  • A concept having possibility means that it has been selected, or specified as "any of this concept".  
  • Its opposite in pattern (involution) is itself.  
  • If an occasion of possible takes an approximate value, it represents one piece of all that is possible: the collection of all occasions in that instance having the pattern type of the possibility (SEH*-).

Contingency

  • A concept having contingency means that it is a self-negation.  It is "not itself" or a "non-concept".  
  • And what we take that to mean in pattern logic is that it is counter-identity.  
  • And however counter-intuitive this may seem, it also stands alone: it is not dependent on any other occasion for its existence.  
  • Its opposite is itself. 
  • If an occasion of contingency takes an approximate value, it represents one piece of all that is contingent: the collection of all occasions in that instance having the pattern type of the contingent  (SEH-*).

Necessity

  • A concept having necessity is unspecified: it just is, in the most general sense.  
  • Necessity has no transformational connection to possibility or contingency in pattern.
  • It is the opposite (involution) of impossibility.  Yet as a monadic occasion, it is not reliant on its opposite to exist.  
  • If an occasion of necessity takes an approximate value, it represents one piece of all that is necessary: the collection of all occasions in that instance having the pattern type of the necessary (SEH**).

Impossibility

  • A concept having impossibility is a representation of precisely nothing.  
  • If contingency is a non-concept, impossibility is an un-concept.  
  • It is the opposite of necessity, yet may exists without reliance upon necessity.  
  • If an occasion of impossibility takes an approximate value, it represents one piece of all that is impossible: the collection of all occasions in that instance having the pattern type of the impossible (SEH--).

The Centrality of Modality in Pattern Logic

Modality is Inescapable (like a shadow)

  • Terms,
  • Variables,
  • Predicates,
  • Premises,
  • Propositions,
  • Judgements...

...these are all modal concepts in Pattern Logic.

Do we have to?

It is very tempting to omit modality as a needlessly complicating factor in logical systems.  They are complex enough as they are, so why include modality?

There are certainly cases where it is safe to ignore modality without any consequences.  The fact that the opposite of a necessary or contingent occasion is itself is one reason why modality can sometimes be safely ignored.  Take for example, an apodictic syllogistic system which only deals in necessary premises and conclusions.  

But for similar reasons, we cannot treat possibility in the same manner as necessity because it does have an opposite (involution) in the impossible.

Thus modality lurks in the logical shadows waiting to trouble us if its presence is not acknowledged.  

Fortunately, Pattern Logic helps us better understand and track the effects of modality in any logical system it expresses.

Projection

Next
Pattern Laguage
Theory of Pattern
Pattern Logic
Projection

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